外研版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)《Language in use》Seeing the doctor PPT下載，共46頁(yè)。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
能夠正確使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用的結(jié)構(gòu)。
能夠針對(duì)不健康的生活習(xí)慣給出恰當(dāng)?shù)慕ㄗh。
能夠關(guān)心自己及他人健康。
Warm up
How long have you had your bike?
I have had my bike since two years ago.
How long have you studied English?
I have studied English for two and a half years.
Language practice
1. I haven’t done much exercise since I got my computer last year.
2. I have had him for three months now.
3. Since then, it has become part of my life.
Grammar
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（三）
當(dāng)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成并對(duì)現(xiàn)在有一定影響時(shí)，我們一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。同時(shí)，可分別 用just, already或yet加以強(qiáng)調(diào)或說(shuō)明。
其結(jié)構(gòu)也是：have / has +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:
already/just 一般置于have/has 之后，用于肯定句中；
在否定句中則要用yet 表示“還，未”。
for 和 since 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的應(yīng)用
for與since都能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，但區(qū)別較大：
（1）for后須接“時(shí)間段”
He has studied English for five years.
他學(xué)英語(yǔ)5年了。
（2）since后須接“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”
He has studied English since 1999.
他從1999年開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
（3）二者可以轉(zhuǎn)換
for + 一段時(shí)間 = since + 一段時(shí)間 + ago
He has been here for five weeks.
= He has been here since five weeks ago.
他到這兒已經(jīng)有五個(gè)星期了。
（4）since能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))，而for則不能。
He has taught here since he came to China.
自從他來(lái)到中國(guó)就在這兒教書(shū)。
We have been friends since we met in school.
我們從在學(xué)校見(jiàn)面起就成為了好朋友。
（5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用句型：
①It is (has been) +時(shí)間段+ since +時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或從句
It is four days since last Friday.
從上周五到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)四天了。
It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing.
吉姆來(lái)北京已經(jīng)兩年了。
②This is the first (second…) time that + 從句
句型中的that從句通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China.
這是珍妮和丹妮第一次來(lái)屮國(guó)。
This is the third time that I have seen Karen.
這是我第三次見(jiàn)到Karen。
（6）均須與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，也可以與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式連用。
I have bought this computer since four years ago. (×)
I have had this computer since four years ago. (√)
I haven’t bought anything for two months.(√ )
I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. (√)
Around the world
The World Health Organization
1. When was the World Health Organization set up?
It was set up in 1948.
2. What is the work of World Health Organization?
It helps ordinary people all over the world. It cures, prevents and controls serious diseases, and educates people about how to protect their health.
Language points
1. I do not know how to stop and become fitter and healthier.
①句中的“how to...”作know的賓語(yǔ)，是“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)常用于tell、show、know等詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)。
②fit作形容詞，意為“適宜的，合適的”。常用短語(yǔ)：be fit for... 適合……
【拓展】fit作動(dòng)詞，意為“適合”。
它指大小、形狀上合適，引申為吻合、協(xié)調(diào)。
She is fit for the job. 她適合這份工作。
The shoes don’t fit me. 這鞋不合腳。
2. How about asking a friend to go running with you？
How about...？相當(dāng)于 What about...？
①用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)和看法。
例：How/What about that book？那本書(shū)怎么樣？
②詢問(wèn)天氣或身體狀況。
例：How/What about your grandpa？你爺爺?shù)纳眢w如何？
How/What about the weather in London？倫敦的天氣如何？
3. Why not turn off the computer and TV and join a sports club？
① Why not do sth.?相當(dāng)于 How/ What about doing sth.？
② turn off 關(guān)閉。
【拓展】與turn相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)還有：
turn down調(diào)低(音量)，拒絕；turn on (把水源、煤氣、電源等) 打開(kāi)；
turn in交上，歸還；turn up出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生；turn round轉(zhuǎn)身，轉(zhuǎn)向；
turn out生產(chǎn)，結(jié)果是。
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